Table 1. Dialysis of Drugs » Percent of a Dose Removed by Dialysis
Drug	Hemodialysis	CAPD
Analgesics
Meperidine	Negligible	Negligible
Methadone	Negligible (1%)	Negligible (1%)
Nalmefene	Negligible (3.3%)	---
Propoxyphene	Negligible	Negligible
Salicylates	Negligible	Negligible
Tilidine	Negligible (< 1%)	---
Tramadol	Negligible (7%)	---
Anesthetics and Drugs used during Anesthesia
Gallamine	Considerable	Considerable
Antianxiety Agents, Sedatives and Hypnotics
Buspirone	Negligible	---
Chloral Hydrate	Negligible	---
Ethchlorvynol	Negligible	---
Glutethimide	Negligible	---
Meprobamate	Negligible	---
Methaqualone	Negligible	---
Oxazepam	Negligible	---
Phenobarbital	Negligible	---
Zopiclone	Negligible	---
Anticholinergics and Cholinergics
Cisapride	Negligible	---
Metoclopramide	Negligible	---
Pirenzipine	11-15%	---
Anticoagulants, Antifibrinolytics and Antiplatelet Agents
Warfarin	Negligible	Negligible
Low molecular weight heparins	Negligible	---
Anticonvulsants
Gabapentin	50%	---
Ethosuximide	45%	---
Levetiracetam	25-50%	---
Phenytoin	Negligible	Negligible
Primidone	30%	---
Topiramate	50%	---
Valproic Acid	Negligible (1%)	Negligible
Antihistamines
Cetirizine	---	Negligible (9%)
Cimetidine	10-20%	Negligible (1.6%)
Famotidine	Negligible (6-16%)	Negligible (4.5%)
Fexofenadine	Negligible (< 1.7%)	---
Levocabastine	Negligible (11%)	---
Loratadine	Negligible	---
Nizatidine	Negligible (10%)	---
Ranitidine	50-60%	Negligible (< 1%)
Anti-inflammatory Agents
Anakinra	Negligible	Negligible
Azapropazone	Negligible	Negligible
Bromfenac	Negligible	---
Leflunomide	Negligible	Negligible
Lornoxicam	Negligible	---
Nabumetone	Negligible	---
Oxaprozin	Negligible	Negligible
Penicillamine	30%	---
Sulindac	Negligible	---
Antimicrobial Agents
» Aminoglycosides
Aminoglycosides	50%	20-50%
Spectinomycin	50%	---
» Carbapenems
Biapenem	90%	---
Imipenem	80-90%	Negligible
Meropenem	50-70%	---
» Cephalosporins
Cefaclor	33%	---
Cefadroxil	50%	---
Cefamandole	50%	Negligible (5%)
Cefazolin	50%	20%
Cefdinir	---	Negligible (1.4-7.2%)
Cefipime	40-70%	26%
Cefixime	Negligible (1.6%)	Negligible
Cefmenoxime	16-51%	Negligible (< 10%)
Cefmetazole	60%	---
Cefodizime	50%	Negligible (15%)
Cefonicid	Negligible	Negligible (6.5%)
Cefoperazone	Negligible	Negligible
Ceforanide	20-50%	Negligible
Cefotaxime	60%	Negligible (5%)
Cefotetan	Negligible (5-9%)	---
Defotiam	30-40%	---
Cefoxitin	50%	Negligible
Cefpirome	32-48%	Negligible (12%)
Cefpodoxime	50%	---
Cefprozil	55%	---
Cefroxadine	50%	---
Cefsulodin	60%	---
Ceftazidime	50%	Negligible
Ceftibuten	39%	---
Ceftizoxime	50%	Negligible (16%)
Ceftriaxone	40%	Negligible (4.5%)
Cefuroxime	---	20%
Cephacetrile	50%	---
Cephalexin	50-75%	30%
Cephalothin	50%	---
Cephapirin	20%	---
» Macrolide Antibiotics
Clindamycin	Negligible	Negligible
Dirithromycin	Negligible	---
Lincomycin	Negligible	Negligible
» Monobactams
Aztreoman	40%	Negligible
Carumonam	51%	---
Moxalactam	30-50%	Negligible (15-20%)
» Nitroimidazoles
Metronidazole	45%	Negligible (10%)
Ornidazole	42%	Negligible (6%)
Tinidazole	40%	---
» Oxaxolindiones
Linezolid	33%	---
» Penicillins
Amdinocillin	32-70%	Negligible (< 4%)
Amoxicillin	30%	---
Ampicillin	40%	---
Azlocillin	30-45%	---
Carbenicillin	50%	---
Cloxacillin	Negligible	---
Dicloxacillin	Negligible	---
Methicillin	Negligible	---
Mezlocillin	20-25%	24%
Nafcillin	Negligible	---
Oxacillin	Negligible	---
Penicillin	50%	---
Piperacillin	30-50%	---
Temocillin	50%	Negligible (6%)
Ticarcillin	50%	Negligible
» Polymyxins
Colistin	Negligible	Negligible
» Quinolones
Ciprofloxacin	Negligible (2%)	Negligible (0.4-1.6%)
Enoxacin	Negligible	---
Fleroxacin	Negligible (3-7%)	Negligible (< 10%)
Gatifloxacin	Negligible (14%)	Negligible (11%)
Levofloxacin	Negligible	Negligible
Lomefloxacin	Negligible	---
Norfloxacin	Negligible	---
Ofloxacin	Negligible (12-15%)	Negligible (4-6%)
Pefloxacin	---	Negligible
Temafloxacin	Negligible (9.4%)	---
» Streptogramins
Quinupristin-dalfopristin	---	Negligible
» Sulfonamides
Sulfamethoxazole	50%	Negligible (8%)
Trimethoprim	50%	Negligible (7%)
» Tetracyclines
Doxycycline	Negligible	Negligible
Minocycline	Negligible	Negligible
Vancomycin	Negligible	Negligible (15-20%)
Teicoplanin	Negligible	Negligible (5%)
» Antifungals
Amphotericin B	Negligible	---
Fluconazole	40%	Negligible (18%)
Flucytosine	50%	---
Itraconazole	Negligible	Negligible
Ketoconazole	Negligible	Negligible
Miconazole	Negligible	Negligible
» Antimalarials
Choloroquine	Negligible	---
mefloquine	Negligible	---
Quinine	Negligible	---
» Antituberculous Agents
Para-aminosalicylic Acid	50%	---
Ethambutol	Negligible (12%)	---
Isoniazid	75%	---
» Antiviral Agents
Abacavir	24%	---
Acyclovir	60%	Negligible (< 10%)
Amantadine	Negligible	---
Cidofovir	50%	Negligible
Didanosine	20-67%	Negligible
Foscarnet	27-58%	---
Ganciclovir	Negligible	---
Lamivudine	Negligible	---
Ribavirin	Negligible (8%)	---
Vidarabine	50%	---
Zidovudine	Negligible	Negligible
Antineoplastics and Antimetabolites
Cyclophosphamide	30-60%	---
Etoposide	Negligible	---
Methotrexate	Negligible	---
Paclitaxel	Negligible	---
Antiulcer Agents
Lansoprazole	Negligible	---
Omeprazole	Negligible	---
Pantoprazole	Negligible	---
Rabeprazole	Negligible	---
Bronchodilators
Dyphylline	28%	---
Theophylline	40%	---
Zileuton	Negligible (0.5%)	---
Cardiovascular Agents
» Antianginal Agents
Amlodipine	Negligible	Negligible
Bepridil	Negligible	---
Diltiazem	---	Negligible (< 0.1%)
Felodipine	Negligible	---
Isradipine	Negligible	---
Nifedipine	Negligible (< 1%)	Negligible
» Antiarrhythmics
N-acetylprocainamide	50%	Negligible
Amiodarone	Negligible	---
Bretylium	Negligible	---
Cibenzoline	Negligible	---
Disopyramide	Negligible (2-4%)	---
Flecainide	Negligible (1%)	Negligible
Lorcainide	Negligible (8-12%)	---
Mexiletine	Negligible	Negligible
Procainamide	Negligible	Negligible (< 5%)
Propafenone	Negligible	---
Quinidine	Negligible (< 1%)	---
Recainam	Negligible (9%)	---
Sematilide	20-25%	---
Sotalol	40-57%	---
Tocainide	25%	Negligible (2%)
» Antihypertensives
† Alpha1-Adrenergic Antagonists
Doxazosin	Negligible	---
Urapadil	Negligible (6.5%)	---
† Angiotensin Antagonists
Candesartan	Negligible (0.2%)	---
Erbesartan	Negligible	---
Irbesartan	Negligible	---
Losartan	Negligible	Negligible
† Beta-Adrenergic Antagonists
Acebutolol	Negligible	---
Atenolol	50%	---
Carvedilol	Negligible	---
Esmolol	Negligible	Negligible
Labetalol	Negligible (2-5%)	Negligible (0.14%)
Metoprolol	Negligible	---
Nadolol	50%	---
» Central Acting alpha2-Stimulants
Clonidine	Negligible	---
Guanfacine	Negligible	---
» Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Captopril	35-40%	Negligible (< 1%)
Cilazapril	Negligible (14%)	---
Enalapril	50%	---
Fosinopril	---	Negligible (2%)
Lisinopril	50-60%	---
Omapatrilat	Negligible	---
Perindopril	55%	---
Quinapril	Negligible (5.4%)	Negligible (2.6%)
Ramipril	Negligible	---
» Vasodilators
Buflomedil	Negligible (3.4-6.7%)	---
Diazoxide	Negligible	---
Ketansirin	Negligible	---
Minoxidil	24-43%	---
Blood Lipid Lowering Agents
Bezafibrate	Negligible	Negligible (1.6%)
Clofibrate	Negligible	---
Fenofibrate	Negligible	---
Gemfibrozil	Negligible	---
Pravastatin	Negligible	---
Cardiac Inotropes
Digoxin	Negligible	Negligible (8%)
Fab	Negligible	Negligible
Hormonal Agents
Epoeitin	---	Negligible (2.3%)
Hypoglycemic Agents
Repaglinide	Negligible	---
Rosiglitazone	Negligible	---
Hypourecemic Agents
Allopurinol	40%	---
Psychotherapeutic Agents
Citalopram	Negligible (< 1%)	---
Lithium	Considerable	Considerable
Olanzapine	Negligible	---
Sertindole	Negligible (< 0.1%)	---
Sertraline	Negligible	---
Tianeptine	Negligible	---
Steroids
Prednisone	Negligible	---
Miscellaneous
Cyclosporine	Negligible	---
Mycophenolate	Negligible	---
Sulbactam	---	Negligible
Tazobactam	30-50%	Negligible (11-13%)